Ottawa, August 8 - In a significant development for Canada’s defense strategy, a recent review by military officials has strongly advocated for continuing the planned acquisition of 88 Lockheed Martin F-35 fighter jets, according to sources familiar with the matter. The review, initiated in March 2025 by Prime Minister Mark Carney, was prompted by concerns over Canada’s reliance on the U.S. defense industry, particularly in light of strained trade and security relations with the United States under President Donald Trump. While the review does not make a formal recommendation, it underscores the strategic and operational advantages of maintaining the full F-35 order, a decision now resting with the Liberal government.
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The F-35 program, valued at approximately C$19 billion (US$14 billion), represents the largest investment in Canada’s Royal Canadian Air Force in decades. Finalized in 2023, the deal aims to replace the aging CF-18 fleet, with the first 16 aircraft already legally committed and deliveries expected to begin in 2026. The review’s findings highlight the F-35’s status as the most advanced fighter jet of its kind, equipped with cutting-edge stealth capabilities, sophisticated radar systems, and superior networking features that enhance situational awareness. These attributes make it uniquely suited for Canada’s defense needs, particularly in fulfilling obligations under the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD), which requires seamless interoperability with U.S. forces.
Carney’s initial push for the review stemmed from geopolitical tensions, including U.S. tariffs on Canadian steel, aluminum, and cars, as well as rhetoric from the Trump administration that raised doubts about the reliability of the U.S. as a defense partner. In March, Carney suggested exploring non-U.S. alternatives for the remaining 72 jets, with potential options including European-made aircraft like the Swedish Saab Gripen, Eurofighter Typhoon, or French Dassault Rafale. However, the Defense Ministry’s analysis concluded that splitting the order would be impractical. Introducing a different aircraft would incur significant additional costs for training, maintenance, and supply chains, given the Canadian Armed Forces’ deep integration with U.S. systems. The review emphasized that maintaining a single fleet of F-35s ensures operational efficiency and avoids logistical complexities that could undermine readiness.
The decision carries broader implications for Canada-U.S. relations, particularly as trade and security negotiations have stalled. Sticking with the F-35 could mitigate potential friction with Washington, a critical consideration given the interconnected nature of North American defense. Since his election in April 2025, Carney has moderated his stance, acknowledging Canada’s relatively favorable position compared to other nations facing steeper U.S. tariffs. The office of Defense Minister David McGuinty reiterated the government’s commitment to procuring 88 fighter jets, emphasizing the need to meet the air force’s requirements while maximizing economic benefits for Canadians and ensuring fiscal responsibility. Canada’s history with the F-35 program has been turbulent, marked by delays due to changes in government, procurement rule revisions, and pandemic-related challenges since the initial commitment in 2010. A June 2025 report from Canada’s auditor general highlighted a 45% cost overrun and a pilot shortage, adding pressure to reassess the program. Despite these concerns, the review underscores the F-35’s unmatched technological edge and the strategic necessity of maintaining a cohesive fleet. As the Liberal government weighs its options, the decision will shape Canada’s defense posture and its relationship with its closest ally for decades to come.